miércoles, febrero 01, 2006

Xerrada “l’estrès a la infància”




Dins el conveni de col·laboració que es va establir entre l’Ampaebm i la faPaC delegació Lleida, sobre unes xerrades que ens oferien de forma totalment gratuïta, dins el marc de l’escola de pares i mares, i o, persones que vulguin aprofundir més en temes de caire social i familiar.
El propassat dia 31 de gener de 2006 es va dur a terme la 1a xerrada, a la Sala Jaume Magre de l’IME.
L’estrès a la infància, segons paraules de la llicenciada Tonyi Castillo, és un estat de tensió, angoixa, que viuen i experimentes els nostres fills/es sense exepció, l’única diferència és el grau d’afectació.
Els nostres infants, tenen estrès?
Sí. Inevitablement. Senten angoixa, por:
-per no assolir correctament alguns aprenentatgesex. control d’esfínters, essent conscients de la mateixa falta; duen a terme una conducta inapropiada,
-per sensació d’amenaça per part dels iguals, o bé d’algun superior
-per transmissió involuntària de l’estrès dels pares/mares als nostres fills/es bé sigui per l’excès de treball, bé per mancances en l’economia familiar.
En els infants d’1 a 3 anys, i dins el marc de l’escolarització, són possibles les següents causes d’estrès:
a)La sensació que rep l’infant quant el deixen sol a l’escola bressol
b)La por a la no superació del control d’enfínters, o bé, cometre errors visibles i sense possible rectificació a posteriori
c)La por, sentiment terrible, angoixa fatal, ex. quan un infant es perd, o bé, no troba la referència familiar immediata
d)Les agressions que provenen d’alguna altra persona
e)La ridiculització per part d’una altra persona, per una actitud, o activitat duta a terme estigui o no ben resolta
f)La ubicació, dins d’un entorn desconegut, encara que sigui per necessitat, ex: que l’infant estigui ingressat en un centre hospitalari per algun tipus d’afecció.
Si partim de la base, que les situacions d’estrès són inevitables, tant se val siguin provocades per algú altre, com per nosaltres mateixos, s’estableix com a norma bàsica per a poder-les superar, el fet d’haver-les viscudes i aprendre estratègies per a poder-les encaixar positivament.
Totes les situacions d’estrès són importants, l’ansietat és viscuda per les persones com una pèrdua de l’autoestima. Els educadors i els pares han de respectar les sensacions dels nostres infants, i en cap moment trivialitzar-les.
Els pares hem d’oferir estratègies i diàleg, perquè els nostres fills/es puguin assolir i continuar amb la seva escala evolutiva, d’una forma positiva, educativa i constructiva. Mai com una amenaça a la pròpia vida, ni com una culpa. La base del creixement personal d’una persona està proporcionalment lligada a la seva afectació en l’autoestima.
Els mecanismes de defensa de les persones davant de situacions d’estrès/ansietat són:
a) La negació. Negar la evidència, Fer-se l’innocent de qualsevol culpabilitat.
b) La evasió. No sentir-se culpable de les actituds incorrectes. Evitar l’ansietat i no assumir la culpabilitat.
c) La projecció de la culpabilitat. Acusar els altres de les actituds incorrectes, i anar de víctimes. Tant pot ser projeccions de culpabilitat a persones com a objectes, el important és culpabilitzar els altres.
Els educadors/es i els pares/mares hem de potenciar per poder superar sentiments d’ansietat: - Ensenyar a enfrentar-se a les situacions que no ens agraden.
- Ensenyar estratègies per superar els inconvenients de viure en societat.
- Ensenyar a afrontar les situacions, pedagògicament, constructivament.
- Desestimar ser un “superprotector” de les ansietats dels infants, perquè eviten l’adquisició dels aprenentatges i de les estratègies.
- Desestimar posar en negociació l’estimació per fomentar els aprenentatges. Ex: si nos fas bé aquesta activitat, o comportament, els pares no t’estimaran.
- Desestimar el càstig, si aquest no va en sentit pedagògic. El càstig ha d’anar de la mà d’alguna pauta i ordre en el comportament i a més més, d’un diàleg constructiu.
- Derivar les conductes, perquè aquestes siguin gratificants.
- Desestimar provocar tensions innecessàries.
El darrer que hem de perdre els pares/mares i educadors/es és la calma. I com a definició final, establim que la construcció de la personalitat va proporcionalment lligada a la seva superació i a la utilització d’estratègies que permetin afrontar les situacions de risc amb estabilitat emocional i que alhora ens ajudin en positiu, a millorar i a treballar per nosaltres mateixos, sense caure en l’esgotament emocional.

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There are two main forms of horse racing. There is harness racing and thoroughbred horse racing. The form of horse racing, which is popular in most parts of the world, is thoroughbred racing. On the other hand, harness racing is popular in countries like the United States, Canada, Australia, France, and Italy. Another form of racing popular in US is the quarter horse racing.


The Triple Crown, like so many of our best traditions, wasn't created, it grew into being. During the late 1800's three different tracks created races to test the new crop of three year olds. These three races, the Belmont Stakes, the Preakness and the Kentucky Derby were held in the same year for the first time in 1875. It wasn't until 44 years later that Sir Barton (1919) became the first horse to win all three. The term, Triple Crown, wasn't coined until 1930 when Daily Racing Form's columnist, Charles Hatton, used it while covering Gallant Fox's winning efforts.

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Brother Derek with Alex Solis up finished in a dead heat for fourth in the Derby, 9 1/2 lengths back after being steadied twice. With a career record of 6 wins out of 9 starts (3 out of 4 this year) Brother Derek had 4 straight wins before the Derby.

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In addition to offering the full menu of track bets, i.e., Win, Place, Show, Daily Doubles, Exactas, Quinellas, Trifectas and Superfectas, some have started offering additional types of wagers such as a two horse match bet. This, in our opinion, is the most significant opportunity for horse racing today. In an era where proposition bets on football range from the point spread to which way the wind will be blowing at half time, horse racing is missing the boat. They've failed to recognize what Las Vegas has known for some time, namely that gaming is entertainment and that the way to increase 'handle' is to offer more types of wagers. This year's Superbowl offered over 300 proposition bets resulting in a record setting day for the Las Vegas sports books with over 94 million dollars wagered. To put that into perspective, that's about .6% of the 15 billion dollars wagered annually on horse racing.
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The style of racing, the distances and the type of events varies very much by the country in which the race takes place, and many countries offer different types of horse races.


Another significant aspect is the shortness of time between races. Most stakes graded horses of today run with 30 to 60 days off between races, but Triple Crown contenders must run 3 grueling races within the span of 35 days. Notably Sir Barton, the first Triple Crown winner, won the Preakness only 4 days after winning the Kentucky Derby while today's challengers do have 14 days between the two races.

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As the field takes shape for the 131st running of the Preakness Stakes this Saturday, the question on everyone's minds is do we finally have a horse that can win the Triple Crown?

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